10 Million Cells Mapped: Chinese Immune Multi-Omics Atlas Decodes Asthma Gene

10 million immune cells have finally revealed a hidden genetic code for asthma. A Chinese research team has mapped the most detailed immune atlas to date, identifying a specific gene mutation that significantly increases the risk of respiratory conditions. It's a discovery that could pivot the future of precision medicine for chronic inflammatory diseases.

Chinese Immune Multi-Omics Atlas Links Gene Mutation to Asthma

According to the journal Science, a collaborative team from BGI-Research and Shanxi Medical University analyzed blood samples from 428 Chinese adults. As of January 2026, they have successfully identified 73 distinct immune cell types, including rare varieties that represent less than 0.1% of the total blood cell population.

The study highlights how a specific genetic variation disrupts regulatory T cells, which act as the immune system's essential 'brakes.' When this mutation occurs, it modulates gene expression and triggers airway inflammation upon exposure to allergens. This dysfunction leads to a much higher susceptibility to asthma, a condition that currently lacks a permanent cure.

A Framework for Precision Immunotherapy

Researchers stated that this work provides a robust framework to understand human immune diversity. By dissecting the genetic basis of immune-mediated diseases, the team aims to guide the development of precision treatments and immunotherapy, tailoring medical interventions to an individual's unique genetic profile.