US Health Data Privacy Crisis: How 1.8 Billion Records Became Surveillance Tools

More than 1.8 billion insurance claims and millions of medical bills are currently being weaponized for surveillance. A new report by the Electronic Privacy Information Center (EPIC) warns that the United States is facing a "health privacy crisis." Weak law enforcement limits and outdated privacy laws have allowed sensitive medical information to flow freely to private companies and government agencies, deterring patients from seeking life-saving care.

Data Brokers and the US Health Data Privacy Crisis

In the absence of a federal data privacy law, the sale of medical information has become a booming, unregulated industry. Data brokers aggregate information from apps, websites, and location tracking to reveal diagnoses and treatments. WIRED recently found that Google's ad-tech platform allowed marketers to target users based on chronic conditions. Furthermore, research by The Markup revealed that 33 out of 100 top US hospitals sent patient data to Meta via the Meta Pixel tool.

Immigration Enforcement and AI Risks

The threat isn't just digital. Since January 2025, when Biden-era protections were rescinded, ICE agents have been increasingly spotted in emergency rooms and hospital lobbies. According to 404 Media, ICE utilizes the ISO ClaimSearch database—containing 58 million medical bills—to identify and locate individuals for deportation.