Pakistan's Diplomatic Balancing Act: Can It Play Both Superpowers?

While Xi Jinping was proposing that China and India should be "friends and partners" with the "dragon and the elephant dancing together," a very different diplomatic dance was unfolding in Beijing. Chinese and Pakistani foreign ministers were celebrating 75 years of "all-weather friendship" - even as Pakistan finds itself increasingly courted by Washington.

This isn't just diplomatic theater. Pakistan's ability to maintain ties with both superpowers while they compete for global influence represents one of the most intriguing balancing acts in modern geopolitics.

The May Clashes That Changed Everything

Last May's aerial confrontation between Pakistan and India, featuring Chinese-made J-10C fighter jets, did more than just showcase military hardware. When Pakistan successfully downed Indian aircraft, Chinese defense stocks soared and Beijing immediately offered its latest J-35 fifth-generation fighters to Islamabad.

But the real winner was Donald Trump, who orchestrated the ceasefire and has spent months reminding the world he prevented a "nuclear war." His praise for Pakistan's military performance marked a dramatic shift in US-Pakistan relations, culminating in Pakistan joining Trump's "Board of Peace" in January 2026.

The Art of Playing Both Sides

Pakistan's diplomatic maneuvering is nothing if not ambitious. While deepening defense ties with China through the upgraded CPEC 2.0 initiative - the same project Washington calls a "debt trap" - Islamabad is simultaneously offering rare earth minerals to the US and positioning itself as a key player in Trump's Iran strategy.

"Pakistan successfully showcased Chinese military equipment to the entire world," former Foreign Minister Khurshid Kasuri told The Diplomat. "The defense cooperation between Pakistan and China can only increase after that." Yet he insists Pakistan has "always managed to strike the right balance" between Beijing and Washington.

Yun Sun from the Stimson Center isn't so sure the balance will hold. "The materialization of ideas is more important than signals and gestures," she notes, suggesting that concrete actions matter more than diplomatic niceties.

India's Complicated Position

While Pakistan courts both superpowers, India faces its own diplomatic challenges. Despite resuming direct flights with China after five years and signing border de-escalation agreements, New Delhi finds itself squeezed by Trump's 50% tariffs over Russian oil purchases.

India's response - a landmark EU trade deal and this week's agreement to reduce US tariffs to 18% - shows how quickly allegiances can shift when economic pressure mounts. But key details remain disputed, highlighting the fragility of these arrangements.

The Limits of Hedging

Experts warn that Pakistan's balancing act may have built-in expiration dates. Miles Yu, former adviser to Secretary of State Mike Pompeo, points out that "heightened India-Pakistan tensions tend to deepen Islamabad's reliance on Chinese defense platforms," potentially forcing clearer choices.

The stakes are rising. Trump's renewed focus on Chinese influence in the Panama Canal and his string of China tariffs suggest the US won't tolerate indefinite fence-sitting on critical issues. Similarly, Beijing's massive investments in Pakistan's infrastructure and telecommunications create their own gravitational pull.

"For Beijing, Pakistan moving closer to the United States threatens the strategic leverage China has accumulated over Pakistan's financing, infrastructure planning, and major port projects," Yu warns.