越南FDI榮景下的隱憂：電子產品出口98%來自外資，技術轉移成效甚微
越南外國直接投資（FDI）激增，但RMIT大學研究顯示，98%電子出口來自外資，技術轉移成效有限。本文分析其與中國模式的差異及產業空洞化的風險。
越南看似全球科技業的新寵兒，蘋果、三星等巨頭爭相湧入。然而，一份最新研究揭示，這場外國直接投資（FDI）的盛宴並未帶來預期的技術轉移，越南本土企業恐將陷入低階組裝的困境。
98%出口數據背後的真相
根據路透社引述越南RMIT大學研究人員的報告，一個驚人的數據凸顯了越南的挑戰：該國電子產品的出口額中，高達98%由FDI企業貢獻。研究人員指出，這「標誌著有限的技術外溢效應」。換言之，儘管全球供應鏈版圖重劃讓越南受益，但核心技術與知識並未有效擴散至本土產業鏈。
與中國模式的關鍵差異
這與過去中國採取的策略形成鮮明對比。中國曾透過強制性合資企業等手段，成功促使外國公司轉移技術。報告暗示，越南現行的模式可能使本土公司被固定在價值鏈的底端，僅從事勞力密集的組裝工作，而無法向上游的研發與設計環節邁進。
對越南而言，如何擺脫純粹的「世界工廠」標籤，將外來投資轉化為內生性的技術實力，已成為其經濟能否持續升級的關鍵課題。
投資者在評估越南市場時，應將技術轉移不足可能導致的長期產業空洞化風險，以及未來潛在的政策調整納入考量。
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