成長的代價：AI數據中心耗電猛增331%，引爆全美社區抗爭浪潮
為滿足AI驚人的算力需求，美國數據中心建設支出暴增331%，卻也點燃了全國性的社區抗爭。從飆漲的電費到環境衝擊，本文深入剖析科技巨頭與在地居民之間日益加劇的緊張關係。
AI巨獸的飢餓，正引爆你家後院的戰爭。過去隱身幕後、作為網路世界骨幹的數據中心，如今已成為全美數十州激烈抗議的焦點，一場數位基礎設施與社區民生的衝突正短兵相接。
遍地開花的「鄰避」風暴
在過去的12個月裡，數據中心激起的抗議活動席捲全美。根據追蹤反數據中心運動的組織「數據中心觀察站」（Data Center Watch）的資料，目前在24個州有多達142個不同的倡議團體正組織起來反對數據中心開發案。這股民怨的背後，是AI產業的突飛猛進。美國人口普查局的最新數據顯示，自2021年以來，數據中心的建設支出飆升了331%，總投資額高達數千億美元。
民怨沸騰：電費飆漲成最大導火線
抗議者的擔憂五花八門，包括環境與潛在的健康衝擊，以及AI使用的爭議性。但最核心的引爆點，是憂心大量新增的數據中心將接入電網，推高當地居民的電費帳單。非營利組織MediaJustice的活動家丹尼·森德哈斯向TechCrunch表示：「我認為，與每個人能源帳單上漲的關聯性，正是讓這個議題對人們如此鮮明的原因。」
從密西根州到威斯康辛州，反對聲浪已成功影響了部分開發案。據「數據中心觀察站」聲稱，由於草根的反對，價值約640億美元的開發計畫已被阻止或延遲。
科技巨頭與草根力量的攻防戰
面對洶湧的民意，科技業也正積極反擊。包括Google、Meta、Microsoft和Amazon在內的大廠，都已宣布新年度龐大的資本支出計畫，其中大部分預計將投入此類基礎設施。據Politico報導，新成立的產業遊說團體「國家人工智慧協會」（NAIA）已開始向國會議員進行遊說，而Meta等公司則透過廣告宣傳數據中心能帶來經濟效益，試圖爭取民心。
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