供應鏈再平衡：三菱商事首度從哈薩克進口鎵，劍指中國主導地位
日本三菱商事宣佈2026年起將從哈薩克進口稀有金屬「鎵」，旨在分散對中國的供應依賴。此舉是全球供應鏈重組及日本經濟安全戰略的關鍵一步。
日本綜合商社三菱商事（Mitsubishi Corp.）宣布，將於2026年起，首度從中亞國家哈薩克進口稀有金屬「鎵」。此舉旨在為日本開闢中國以外的穩定供應來源，應對電動車（EV）及半導體等關鍵產業的地緣政治風險，是全球供應鏈「去風險化」的最新例證。
戰略金屬「鎵」的全球格局
鎵是生產高性能半導體和電動車功率元件的關鍵原料，戰略地位日益重要。然而，全球鎵的供應高度集中，中國的產量長期佔據全球八成以上，形成事實上的壟斷。近年來，隨著中美科技角力升溫，中國已數次暗示可能動用稀土、鎵等關鍵礦產作為反制籌碼，為全球高科技產業鏈帶來巨大隱憂。
根據《日經亞洲》於2025年12月24日的報導，三菱商事此次行動，是為了尋求供應來源多元化，確保日本國內產業鏈的穩定與安全。這不僅是企業層面的商業決策，更與日本政府近年來大力推動的「經濟安全保障」戰略方針高度契合。
中亞成新賽局 供應鏈版圖重塑
過去，哈薩克雖礦產豐富，但其關鍵金屬主要流向中國與俄羅斯。如今，三菱商事直接切入，意味著日本正積極拉攏中亞國家，試圖在全球資源競逐中開闢新戰線。從澳洲的鋰礦、非洲的鈷礦，再到如今中亞的鎵，全球關鍵礦產的供應版圖正悄然重塑，傳統的地緣政治影響力也面臨新的挑戰。
對投資者而言，三菱商事的舉動釋放出一個明確信號：關鍵礦產的價值不僅在於其本身，更在於「安全的供應鏈」。未來，投資焦點可能從單純的礦產公司，擴展至建立新供應路線的物流、基建企業，以及在非傳統地區建立合作關係的貿易巨頭。這場供應鏈的乾坤大挪移，正創造新的投資機遇與風險。
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