習近平提琉球舊事：中國打出沖繩歷史牌，動搖美日印太同盟？
中國國家主席習近平於2023年提及琉球王國與中國的歷史淵源，引發外界關注。本文分析北京如何利用歷史敘事挑戰日本對沖繩的主權，並藉此測試美日同盟在印太地區的戰略底線。
一張16世紀的歷史文件，正悄然動搖著21世紀的國際秩序。中國國家主席習近平在2023年6月4日公開提及琉球王國（現今的沖繩）與中國的歷史淵源，此舉被視為北京對日本主權及美日同盟發起的最新挑戰。這不僅是歷史的重提，更是精心策劃的地緣政治博弈。
數百年的朝貢關係成籌碼
習近平在北京參觀國家檔案館時表示，他在福州工作時便知道當地與琉球的深厚聯繫。這段歷史可追溯至14世紀，當時的琉球王國是明朝的朝貢國，並因此享有海上貿易的特權。然而，1609年日本薩摩藩入侵後，琉球陷入同時向中日兩方稱臣的「兩屬」狀態。這段複雜的過去，成為北京今日主張「琉球地位未定論」的歷史依據，該理論認為舊金山和約並未最終決定沖繩的主權歸屬。
日本強硬反駁與美國的戰略兩難
對此，日本政界立即作出反應。時任內閣官房長官木原稔堅稱：「沖繩是我國領土，這點絕對無庸置疑。」日本外務省更指出，中國是在1968年聯合國調查發現東海可能蘊藏石油後，才開始主張主權。東京的立場是，日本於1895年確認沖繩為無主地後，依國際法將其納入版圖。
這場爭端的核心，牽動著美國在西太平洋的軍事部署。自1945年以來，沖繩一直是美軍的前沿基地，超過70%的駐日美軍集中於此，其戰略位置對潛在的台灣衝突舉足輕重。然而，川普政府時期顯現的美國對盟友承諾的動搖，可能讓北京看到了可乘之機。分析認為，中國正透過歷史敘事、資訊戰等「灰色地帶」手段，在避免直接軍事對抗的前提下，持續侵蝕日本主權並測試美日同盟的底線。
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