China's Reusable Rocket Ambitions Suffer Second Setback in a Month

China's push to master reusable rocket technology has hit another snag. The country's first state-owned reusable booster, the Long March 12A, successfully launched on Tuesday from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre but failed during its first-stage recovery attempt. It’s the second time this month that a Chinese effort to retrieve an orbital-class booster has fallen short, underscoring the significant gap with the United States.

The High Stakes of the Recovery Race

This isn't just a technical challenge; it's a strategic necessity for Beijing. Reusable rockets are critical for lowering launch costs and increasing frequency, two factors essential for China’s ambitious megaconstellation projects, Guowang and Qianfan. These state-backed initiatives, which plan to deploy networks of up to 10,000 satellites each, are China's answer to SpaceX's Starlink. Without reusability, the economic viability of this massive project is in serious question.

An Exclusive Club Still Dominated by the U.S.

To date, the U.S. is the only nation to have successfully landed and reused an orbital-class booster. SpaceX pioneered the feat with its Falcon 9 rocket nearly a decade ago, fundamentally changing the economics of space access. Just last month, Jeff Bezos's Blue Origin saw its New Glenn rocket achieve the same milestone, solidifying the American lead.

China has a mix of state-owned developers, like the Long March's designer Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology, and a growing number of commercial space companies racing to be the first in the country to succeed. However, Tuesday's failure shows that the goal remains elusive.