美對中晶片關稅再出招：2027年開徵，設18個月緩衝期
美國宣布將於2027年6月對中國半導體加徵關稅，但提供18個月的零關稅緩衝期。此舉為企業提供調整供應鏈的時間，同時保留未來談判籌碼。一文看懂美中科技戰新動向。
根據美國貿易代表署（USTR）週二提交的《聯邦公報》文件，美國將於2027年6月23日起，提高對中國半導體進口的關稅。然而，在此之前將有長達18個月的初始免關稅期，此舉普遍被視為替美中貿易的緊張關係降溫。
背景：直指中國不公平貿易行為
美國貿易代表署在一年前啟動的調查中認定，中國正透過不公平的貿易手段，企圖主導全球半導體產業。文件中明確指出：「數十年來，中國一直以主導半導體產業為目標，並為此採取了日益具侵略性且全面的非市場政策與做法。」此次公告，是延續拜登政府時期根據《貿易法》第301條所啟動、聚焦於成熟製程晶片的審查程序的下一步。
關稅時程明確化 牽動全球供應鏈
這項延後徵稅的決定，為密切關注關稅動向的美國企業提供了明確的政策前景，使其有時間應對供應鏈的潛在衝擊。詳細時間表如下：
長達18個月的緩衝期並非示弱，而是「以退為進」的戰略佈局。此舉不僅為美國企業爭取到調整和分散供應鏈的寶貴時間，同時也將2027年的關稅大限，當作懸在北京頭上的達摩克利斯之劍，成為未來貿易談判的關鍵籌碼。
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