The Hungnam Evacuation at 75: A Miracle Rescue or a U.S. Kidnapping?

Seventy-five years ago, a single U.S. cargo ship saved 14,500 refugees. Today, North Korea calls it a kidnapping. December 2025 marks the 75th anniversary of the Hungnam evacuation, the largest wartime humanitarian evacuation in history. Why is this single historical event remembered in two completely different ways on the Korean peninsula?

The South's Memory: A 'Christmas Miracle'

After hundreds of thousands of Chinese soldiers entered the Korean War, turning the tide of the conflict, U.S. and U.N. forces staged a retreat. The initial plan was to relocate 105,000 soldiers and 350,000 tons of supplies. However, as enemy forces encircled the port of Hungnam, tens of thousands of refugees flocked to the harbor. Following a passionate plea from a Korean civil affairs advisor, Dr. Hyun-Bong-hak, X Corps Commander Major General Edward Almond made the decision to take on civilians.

In all, over 90,000 refugees were safely transported to South Korea's Geoje Island. The final ship, a cargo freighter named the SS Meredith Victory, carried a record 14,500 people to safety without a single loss of life, earning it the nickname 'Ship of Miracles.' Today, their descendants number around 1 million in South Korea, including former President Moon Jae-in, whose parents were on one of the ships. The story is immortalized in South Korean culture, notably in the 2014 film “Ode to My Father.”

Pyongyang's Narrative: Deception and Divided Families

In North Korea's official history, the evacuation is rarely mentioned. The state narrative frames the entire war—which it calls the “Fatherland Liberation War”—as an act of aggression initiated by South Korea under the influence of the United States. Within this context, the evacuation is portrayed as a tragedy where North Koreans were either duped by U.S. propaganda or feared an impending American nuclear attack, leading to the “heartrending pain of family division.” For the Kim regime, this version of history is a critical political tool used to burnish its legitimacy, justify its totalitarian control, and stoke anti-American sentiment to unify the population.

Cracks in the Information Wall

Despite being one of the world's most controlled information environments, cracks have appeared in North Korea's information bubble. According to annual surveys of North Korean defectors by Seoul National University, most respondents still report trusting state media. However, when asked how they learn about the outside world, over half cited friends, relatives, and neighbors, suggesting word-of-mouth is the most trusted source. Critically, over 90% of those who consumed South Korean media said their perception of the country improved. This indicates that despite strict controls, outside information is slowly but surely influencing worldviews inside the isolated state.