薩赫爾三國結盟成立5000人聯合部隊 抗衡叛亂 俄羅斯影響力擴大
馬利、布吉納法索與尼日宣布成立「薩赫爾國家聯盟」，並將組建一支5000人的聯合部隊，以對抗日益猖獗的武裝團體。此舉標誌著三國在疏遠西方、擁抱俄羅斯後進一步深化軍事合作，但專家對其能否改善安全局勢表示懷疑。
向西關上大門，向東敞開懷抱。非洲薩赫爾地區三個軍事政權的合作正邁入新篇章。馬利、布吉納法索與尼日於12月24日宣布成立一支聯合部隊，以對抗日益猖獗的武裝團體。然而，在歐美部隊與俄羅斯傭兵都未能平息的亂局中，這支新軍力真能扭轉乾坤嗎？
「薩赫爾國家聯盟」的軍事整合
在馬利首都巴馬科舉行的為期兩天的「薩赫爾國家聯盟（AES）」第二次峰會上，三國領袖達成了這項協議。根據聲明，這支聯合部隊預計將由三國約5,000名士兵組成，任務核心為反恐與邊境安全。新任聯盟主席、布吉納法索領導人伊布拉欣·特拉奧雷宣布，將在未來幾天內對武裝團體發動「大規模」聯合行動。此外，三國也共同啟動了「AES電視台」，旨在對抗不實資訊並推廣區域論述。
從西方夥伴到俄羅斯懷抱
近年來，這三個國家的軍政府相繼驅逐了長期的安全夥伴——法國與美國。過去曾有數千名法國士兵駐紮於此，而尼日更曾是美軍在非洲最大的無人機基地所在地，但這些部隊已於去年撤離。在與西方決裂後，三國轉向俄羅斯尋求安全合作。馬利目前正與俄羅斯武裝人員合作，最初約有1,500名來自瓦格納傭兵集團的人員，自6月起，則由克里姆林宮控制的準軍事組織「非洲軍團」約1,000名戰士接替。
威脅盤根錯節，成效備受質疑
該地區的威脅來源錯綜複雜，包括與蓋達組織有關的「支持伊斯蘭與穆斯林組織（JNIM）」、ISIL分支「大撒哈拉伊斯蘭國（ISGS）」，以及圖阿雷格族分離主義運動。然而，分析指出，依賴俄羅斯部隊並未有效改善安全局勢。康拉德·阿登納基金會的薩赫爾分析師烏爾夫·萊辛表示：「自從俄羅斯人抵達馬利後，安全局勢反而惡化，因為他們不區分戰鬥人員和平民。」他補充說，人權報告也指控俄羅斯部隊犯下嚴重暴行。
專家認為，儘管俄羅斯傭兵協助馬利軍隊從圖阿雷格叛軍手中奪回北部城市基達爾，但在對抗極端暴力組織方面卻舉步維艱，這些組織的活動範圍反而擴展到馬利的南部和西部。萊辛總結道：「歸根究底，你需要談判，你需要一個政治解決方案……單靠軍事力量或許有些幫助，但無法解決衝突。」
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