脫北者人數銳減9成 南韓「哈拿院」兩大安置中心2026年將合併
南韓統一部宣布，因應近年北韓脫北者人數急劇下降，將於2026年整合安置設施「哈拿院」的兩處中心。此舉反映了北韓在疫情後嚴格的邊境管制，已對脫北趨勢造成深遠影響。
脫北者人數雪崩式下滑，正促使南韓的安置政策面臨轉型。南韓統一部週五宣布，由於近年進入南韓的北韓脫北者人數急劇下降，計畫於2026年整合負責協助脫北者適應社會的國家級設施「哈拿院」（Hanawon）。
疫情衝擊下的脫北者寒冬
根據韓聯社報導，脫北者人數在2009年達到2,914人的高峰後便持續下滑。在COVID-19疫情爆發前，2019年尚有1,047人。然而，自2020年平壤為防疫而封鎖邊境後，人數暴跌至229人。此後情勢未見好轉，去年（2024年）全年僅記錄到236名脫北者。
政府應對：兩大設施將合併
為應對此一變化，南韓統一部計畫整合現有的兩處哈拿院設施。目前，哈拿院的總部設於首爾南方的安城，主要負責女性脫北者的安置；分部則位於江原道華川，負責男性脫北者。統一部副發言人張允禎在記者會上表示：「政府正研擬整合兩處設施並重新部署人力的方案，以確保高效運營，並將盡快實施。」該整合計畫已於上週在向李在明總統的2026年政策計畫簡報中提出。
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