Gifted Word Learner Dogs Cognitive Skills Match Human Toddlers in Language Task

They're not just 'good boys'; they're linguistic prodigies. Some dogs can learn the names of their toys just by overhearing a conversation, a feat previously thought to be uniquely human. According to a new study published in Science, these so-called Gifted Word Learner (GWL) dogs possess sociocognitive skills functionally comparable to those of 18-month-old human toddlers.

Eavesdropping for Education: How Gifted Word Learner Dogs Operate

Co-author Claudia Fugazza of Eötvös Loránd University has been leading the Genius Dog Challenge for several years. Her team's latest findings show that GWL dogs don't need direct training to expand their vocabulary. Instead, they pick up labels for new objects simply by listening to their owners talk about them. This suggests a level of social eavesdropping and incidental learning that's rare in the animal kingdom.

From Sensory Recall to Verbal Recognition

A 2022 study by the same group discovered that dogs store multi-sensory mental representations of their toys. Whether it's the look or the smell, dogs recall these features when searching. While typical dogs rely heavily on vision, GWL dogs excel at connecting verbal labels to these stored memories, allowing them to retrieve specific items from massive piles even in total darkness.