五角大廈2025年度報告：中國加速量子技術發展，恐讓美軍航母優勢作廢
美國五角大廈2025年度報告警告，中國正加速發展軍用量子技術，恐對現有加密系統與軍事平衡構成重大威脅。深入分析美中科技戰的新前線。
未來戰爭的勝負手，可能不再是航空母艦，而是「量子」。美國國防部於12月24日向國會提交的年度中國軍力報告中明確指出，北京正加速發展量子技術，並將其視為攸關未來產業與國家安全的戰略核心，一場無形的軍備競賽已然開打。
根據路透社報導，這份在華盛頓發布的報告稱，北京將量子運算等領域視為其戰略的中心。這意味著全球安全格局正從傳統的物理對抗，轉向以資訊和算力為核心的科技角力，其影響不容小覷。
量子技術為何舉足輕重？
量子技術在軍事上之所以重要，關鍵在於其顛覆性的計算能力。一旦大規模量子電腦問世，現行全球通用的加密體系可能在瞬間被破解，這將對各國軍事、政府及金融機構的通訊安全構成致命威脅。反之，掌握量子加密通訊的一方，則能在資訊戰中取得絕對優勢。
此外，量子感測技術的突破，將大幅提升對潛艦、匿蹤戰機等高隱蔽性武器的探測能力。有分析指出，中國在量子領域的突飛猛進，未來可能使美國引以為傲的航空母艦戰鬥群等傳統軍事優勢蕩然無存。
美中對峙下的科技新戰線
五角大廈的報告不僅揭示了量子競賽，更提及北京計畫在2027年前具備攻台能力，並在2035年前將航空母艦數量擴增三倍。這顯示中國正雙管齊下，一方面擴充傳統軍備，另一方面則積極佈局未來戰爭的關鍵技術，美中之間的競爭已從貿易、半導體延伸至更基礎、更具顛覆性的量子領域。
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