Unity or Uniformity? China’s New Ethnic Unity and Language Laws in 2025

Language isn't just about communication anymore—in Beijing's eyes, it's a matter of national survival. China has just unveiled sweeping new legislation that tightly binds the use of standard Chinese to its national security agenda.

Strengthening the China Ethnic Unity and Language Laws

According to the South China Morning Post, the Standing Committee of the NPC reviewed the draft 'Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress' for a second time last week. Public consultation for this bill is set to run until January 25, 2026.

In a parallel move, the first major updates to the 'Law on the Standard Spoken and Written Chinese Language' in 25 years were passed on Saturday. Effective January 1, 2026, these changes introduce legal penalties for anyone obstructing the use of standard Chinese. It's a clear signal that the central government views linguistic homogeneity as a pillar of stability.

Social Cohesion vs. Cultural Erasure

President Xi Jinping has long championed a 'strong sense of community for the Chinese nation.' Legislators argue that a shared language is indispensable for economic growth and maintaining order in diverse regions like Xinjiang and Tibet.

However, the international community remains skeptical. Critics point out that these policies risk eroding the unique cultural and linguistic identities of ethnic minorities. Many see this as a continuation of Beijing's hardline approach to assimilation, which has drawn intense global scrutiny over human rights concerns.