日本防衛預算飆破9兆日圓創歷史新高，長程飛彈與無人機劍指中國
日本批准2026年度國防預算，金額突破9兆日圓創下歷史紀錄。為應對中國威脅，將加速部署長程飛彈與無人機，象徵其國防政策的重大轉向。
和平紅利時代是否已然告終？日本內閣於12月26日批准了2026財政年度的國防預算草案，金額突破9兆日圓（約580億美元），創下歷史新高。根據美聯社報導，此預算較2025年增加了9.4%，目標是因應日益升高的區域緊張局勢，特別是來自中國的威脅，藉此強化其反擊能力與海岸防衛。
此舉是日本正在進行的五年計畫的第四年，該計畫旨在將年度國防開支倍增至國內生產毛額（GDP）的2%。日本首相高市早苗（Sanae Takaichi）今年11月曾表示，若中國對台灣採取軍事行動，日本自衛隊可能介入，凸顯了預算增長的背後動機。
未來武庫：長程飛彈與無人機成要角
這象徵著日本對二戰後「專守防衛」原則的重大突破。日本正積極強化其「距外飛彈」能力，以便從遠距離攻擊敵方目標。新預算案中，超過9,700億日圓（約62億美元）被投入此領域，其中包含1,770億日圓用於採購國產改良型「12式岸艦飛彈」，其射程擴大至約1,000公里。
此外，為應對人口老化及兵力不足的挑戰，無人武器的角色舉足輕重。日本計畫投入1,000億日圓（約6.4億美元），在2028年3月前部署名為「SHIELD」的防禦系統，整合海、陸、空大規模無人機進行監控與防禦任務。
結盟抗衡與財政挑戰
日本正透過與盟國的合作來強化其國防工業。預算案中編列超過1,600億日圓（約10億美元），用於和英國、義大利共同開發預計於2035年部署的下一代戰機。同時，與澳洲合作開發巡防艦的計畫也在進行中，顯示日本正加速建構國際防衛合作網絡。
然而，龐大的國防支出也帶來嚴峻的財政問題。日本政府計畫透過提高企業稅、菸草稅，並預計從2027年起調高所得稅來籌措財源，但如何平衡國家安全與民眾稅務負擔，將是未來無可迴避的政治難題。
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