澳洲最致命動物揭曉：毒蛇蜘蛛皆非榜首，真兇出乎意料
澳洲最致命的動物並非毒蛇或蜘蛛，官方數據揭示了一個驚人事實。本文深入剖析澳洲真實的動物危險排名，以及那些被忽略的潛在威脅。
提及澳洲，人們腦中往往浮現巨型蜘蛛、劇毒蛇類與兇猛鱷魚的畫面。然而，根據澳洲國家死因訊息系統（NCIS）的權威數據，這片土地上最致命的動物，竟是我們日常熟悉的「馬」。
報告顯示，在 2001年至2017年間，由馬、小馬及驢造成的死亡人數高達 172人，主因是從馬背上墜落。令人驚訝的是，榜單第二、三名同樣是常見動物：牛隻以 82起 死亡案例緊隨其後，而犬類則造成了 53人 死亡。陸地哺乳動物竟佔所有動物相關死亡事件的 71%。
這是否意味著澳洲的毒蛇猛獸徒有虛名？答案並非如此。澳洲擁有約170種蛇類，其中100種帶有毒性，全球最毒的25種蛇中，有21種棲息於此。但事實上，每年因蛇咬致死的人數少於3人。同樣地，在超過2,400種蜘蛛中，對人類構成威脅的不到50種。雖然雪梨漏斗網蜘蛛等劇毒生物確實存在，但其造成的死亡率遠低於常見的意外事故。
在澳洲，危險不僅來自生物。重達 10公斤 的南洋杉毬果曾有砸死人的紀錄，而網球大小的冰雹也可能從天而降，擊中頭部造成重創。根據《衛報》報導，鱷魚平均每年造成1至2人死亡。此外，據SkyNews指出，2023年南澳州發生了 3起 鯊魚攻擊致死事件，這數字相較於過去22年總共僅8人死亡，顯著增加，警示著潛在的風險變化。
澳洲的案例深刻揭示了人類「風險感知」的悖論：我們恐懼罕見而戲劇性的威脅，如毒蛛和鯊魚，卻往往低估了平凡而頻繁的危險，如騎馬或駕車。這種認知偏差源於媒體渲染與演化心理，理解這一點有助於我們更理性地評估並應對生活中的真實風險。
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