日本敲定122.3兆日圓史上最高預算，財政紀律拉響警報
日本政府最終敲定2026年度預算案，總額達122.3兆日圓創下歷史新高。本文深入剖析社福支出膨脹的背景，以及對財政紀律構成的嚴峻挑戰與未來經濟影響。
122.3兆日圓——日本下一年度（2026年度）的國家預算案總額，已進入此一規模的最終協調階段。根據12月24日的官方消息，這個數字不僅再次刷新歷史紀錄，也意味著日本的財政管理正步入全新局面。面對持續膨脹的歲出，要求嚴守財政紀律的呼聲日益高漲。
歲出膨脹的兩大推手：社福與醫療費用
預算規模之所以再創新高，其根本原因在於高齡化社會導致的社會保障費用自然增長。其中，於12月24日敲定的下一年度「診療報酬」（醫療服務價格）調整案尤其關鍵。日本政府決定，提高攸關醫護人員薪資的「主體」部分，同時調降藥品官方定價的「藥價」部分，最終實現了整體2.22%的正成長。此舉雖是為維持醫療服務品質，卻也無可避免地加劇了國家的歲出壓力。
「積極財政」與「財政紀律」的內部角力
在史上最高預算成形的同時，日本政府內部關於財政紀律的辯論也已展開。據12月25日消息，高市大臣表示，應針對明年夏季制定的「骨太方針」（經濟財政營運與改革基本方針），就財政營運目標等議題進行討論。這番言論暗示，重視經濟成長的積極財政路線，與擔憂未來世代負擔的財政重建路線之間，其潛在的政策分歧正逐漸浮上檯面。
此外，日本政府已向執政的自民黨傳達，計畫於明年1月23日召開國會常會。屆時，對這份龐大預算案的審議，預料將成為朝野攻防的重中之重。
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