New Leaders, Old Tensions: Takaichi and Lee Reshape Japan-South Korea Relations in 2025

New faces are in power in Tokyo and Seoul, but familiar geopolitical tensions are casting a long shadow. The year 2025 saw dramatic leadership changes in both Japan and South Korea, raising fresh questions about the future of one of Asia's most critical, and often fraught, relationships. According to Nikkei, these shifts have sparked concerns over whether the recently improved ties between the two countries can continue.

A Divergent Path: Leadership Shifts in Tokyo and Seoul

In South Korea, progressive Lee Jae Myung was elected president in early June. His victory followed the Constitutional Court's decision in April to uphold the impeachment of former President Yoon Suk Yeol over his declaration of martial law in December 2024. Lee is known for a hardline stance on Japan.

Meanwhile in Japan, conservative Sanae Takaichi made history. She won the presidency of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) in early October and was later elected by parliament as the country's first female prime minister. Takaichi has espoused nationalist views and is a regular visitor to Tokyo's controversial Yasukuni Shrine.

Diplomacy and Security Under Pressure

The emergence of these new leaders sparked immediate worries over the fate of bilateral relations. While both have publicly committed to fostering 'future-oriented' ties, Takaichi's foreign policy has already created friction. Her remarks about defending her country in a scenario involving Taiwan angered China, which cautioned its citizens against traveling to Japan.

At the same time, North Korea continued to be a source of regional instability. Kim Jong Un oversaw more ballistic missile tests and dispatched North Korean soldiers to aid Russia's war against Ukraine. He also deepened ties with China, attending celebrations in Beijing for the 80th anniversary of the end of World War II.

Economic Headwinds and Cultural Currents

On the business front, both nations adjusted to tariffs imposed by U.S. President Donald Trump. Culturally, the 'Korean Wave' showed no signs of slowing. Entertainment agency Hybe notably began shifting its focus away from supergroup BTS to foster new talent in foreign countries as part of its global expansion.